The Lab
Specimen No. 0226
CautionSyntheticfood additiveacidulant

Phosphoric Acid

CAS 7664-38-2 · E338 · orthophosphoric acid · phosphoric acid (H3PO4)

Acidulant that gives colas their tang. Of low toxicity itself, but a marker of cola intake, which observational data associate with lower bone density in women; heavy phosphate intake also concerns people with impaired kidney function.

medium confidence
Researched July 7, 2026
Phosphoric Acid molecular structure
Specimen 0226Phosphoric Acid

Concerns

  • In the Framingham Osteoporosis Study, cola intake (but not other carbonated drinks) was associated with significantly lower hip bone mineral density in women; the authors note phosphoric acid is only one hypothesized contributor — total phosphorus was not higher in cola drinkers and decaffeinated cola showed a weaker effect (Tucker et al. 2006, observational)
  • EFSA's 2019 re-evaluation set a group ADI for phosphates of 40 mg phosphorus/kg bw/day, found no genotoxicity or carcinogenicity concern, but noted dietary exposure can exceed the ADI in children and adolescents and may not be sufficiently protective for people with impaired renal function (EFSA 2019)

Regulatory flags

  • ⚑IARC Class: NL
  • ⚑EDC Status: None
  • ⚑Regulatory: US: GRAS; EU: permitted (E 338), group ADI 40 mg P/kg bw
  • ⚑Evidence Grade: B

Commonly found in

Cola beveragesSome processed cheeseAcidified canned foods

Last researched: July 7, 2026

Research disclaimer: This rating is based on available peer-reviewed research and regulatory assessments at the time of publication. It is not medical advice. Consult a qualified professional for personal health or skin concerns.

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